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Cytokines are secreted glycoproteins that act as intercellular messengers to manage the hematopoietic and immune systems plus the inflammatory response. The term “cytokine” arises from the Greek and (cell and movement) constant with their ability to mobilize cells to sites of infection and inflammation. Historically, the plethora of distinct cytokines have been divided into five groups: (A) TNF-alpha and related molecules, (B) IL-1 family members, (C) TGF-Betas, (D) aspects that signal via receptor tyrosine kinases for example M-CSF, (D) chemokines, and (E) cytokines that signal by way of the JAK/STAT pathway (Fig. 1). The latter group is maybe the largest and comprises both hematopoietic development factors which include EPO too as immunomodulatory cytokines for example IL-2 and inflammatory cytokines like interferon gamma (Table I). This evaluation will concentrate totally on this class and henceforth we make use of the term cytokine to describe only those that signal via the JAK/STAT cascade.JAK/STAT signaling: from the cell-surface to the nucleusThe molecular particulars of your JAK/STAT pathway were largely uncovered in a series of ground breaking research from the laboratories of James Darnell, George Stark and Ian Kerr more than two decades ago.1 It really is an elegantly simple signaling cascade in which the cytokine requires only three elements (receptor, kinase, and transcription factor) to elicit a response (Fig. two). Each and every cytokine bi.