In growth stage.Fatty acid shifts in the 3 growth stagesFatty acid profile was presented in three growth stages of microalgae below the influence of distinctive N-sources (Fig. three). Regarding the fatty acid composition, one of the key ambitions of this study was to improve DHA (C22:6n3) content in C. cohnii. The highest DHA content material was attained in lipid turnover stage (35.7 1.three TFA) using a slight distinction from lipid accumulation stage (34.8 0.9 TFA) below NaNO3 which was 324 higher than that of NH4HCO3 (Table 1). Similar results have been discovered in newly isolated Crypthecodinium sp. SUN, which yielded 34.1 0.three TFA at 120 h and 35.0 0.two TFA at 144 h below light (Sun et al. 2017). For comparison, the general DHA productivity, too as yield (per gram of glucose exhaustion) in the course of 3 growth stages is provided in Table 1. It was apparent that NaNO3 supported drastically greater DHA content material (0.99 0.05 g/L), DHA productivity (193.84 2.76 mg/L day) and DHA yield (44.16 three.64 mg/g glucose) which were 2.1 to 2.8-folds higher than other N-sources (P 0.001). When compared with DHA, in growth stage palmitic acid (C16:0) was created at the highest percentageFig. two The time-course profile of residual substrates (glucose, nitrate and phosphorus) concentration in C. cohnii cultured on various nitrogen sources for 7 days. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The data presented here is imply SDSafdar et al. AMB Expr (2017) 7:Page six ofTable 1 Comparison of DHA content, DHA productivity, lipid and DHA yield of C. cohnii under unique N-sourcesNsource (NH4)2SO4 Growth stage Development Lipid accumulation Lipid turnover NH4HCO3 Growth Lipid accumulation Lipid turnover (NH2)2CO Growth Lipid accumulation Lipid turnover NaNO3 Growth Lipid accumulation Lipid turnover CDHA (g/L) 0.35 0.1 0.05 0.0 PDHA (mg/L day) 70.9 8.9 22.four four.9 Ya (mg/g GLC) L 65.six 1.IGF-I/IGF-1 Protein Molecular Weight four 35.ATG4A Protein Synonyms five 2.a YDHA (mg/g GLC)0.42 0.0.43 0.05 0.06 0.0.39 0.0.05 0.60.three 7.60.7 four.77.three three.25.eight 1.71.3 5.0.46 0.0.46 0.05 0.13 0.65.three four.91.1 3.27.5 3.66.8 3.74.4 1.28.9 four.19.7 1.16.9 2.three.7 0.All experiments were performed in triplicate. The data presented right here is imply SDa0.99 0.0.97 0.141.1 5.193.8 two.63.4 1.73.4 three.75.1 2.34.three 6.PMID:23290930 19.1 1.17.six 0.three.9 1.127.1 9.130.3 four.43.1 three.20.six 0.20.7 0.four.two 1.44.1 two.44.1 3.7.4 1.CDHA DHA content material, PDHA DHA productivity (g/L day), YL lipid yield (mg/g glucose), YDHA DHA yield (g/g glucose) Yield was calculated on basis of glucose utilizedFig. 3 Fatty acid profile ( total fatty acid) of C. Cohnii below distinctive N-sources in 3 development stages; cell development, lipid accumulation and lipid turnover stage, harvested on 48, 120 and 168 h, respectively. All experiments have been performed in triplicate. The information presented here is imply SD(27.25.7 TFA) amongst all fatty acids in all treatment options. A gradual decline was observed in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) myristic acid (C14:0), C16:0 and stearic acid (C18:0) in all the 4 treatment options throughout the cultivation time (Fig. three). In contrast, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid(C18:1), increased through lipid accumulation stage and again decreased in lipid turnover stage in all treatments whilst no considerable alter was observed in Linoleic acid (C18:2n6) content material ( TFA) (Fig. 3). Combined C16C18 content ( TFA) was calculated as 53.1, 62.five, 59.7, 58.1 in cell growth stage and 51.9, 54.7, 53.1, 49.8 inSafdar et al. AMB Expr (2017) 7:Page 7 oflipid accumulation stage beneath (NH4)2SO4, NH4HCO3, (NH2)2CO,.