St common problem of PIP was therapeutic duplication (121,668 individuals 11.9 ), followed by use of aspirin with no history of coronary, cerebral or peripheral vascular symptoms or occlusive arterial occasion (115,576 sufferers 11.three ). Use of PPIs at maximum therapeutic dose for 8 weeks (38,153 individuals, 3.7 ) was the third most common PIP, while alpha blockers with long-term urinary catheter in situ (31,226 sufferers 3.1 ) was next. Several other criteria had a prevalence less than 0.5 . There was sturdy evidence of an association among PIP and polypharmacy. These getting four or more repeat drugs were 18 instances far more probably to become exposed to PIP compared to those on 0 drugs (OR 18.2, 95 CI, 18.0-18.four, P 0.05). The odds of having a PIP was only slightly decrease in females in comparison to males when adjusting for other components (OR 0.9 95 CI 0.90.9, P 0.05). PIP was less frequent in these aged 85 years and above in comparison to those aged 704 yearsBradley et al. BMC Geriatrics 2014, 14:72 http://www.biomedcentral/1471-2318/14/Page four ofTable 1 Descriptive qualities on the study population in CPRDPIP No PIP (n = 723,838) (n = 295,653) Gender -Male ( ) -Female ( ) -Missing ( ) Age (years) -704 ( ) -750 ( ) -815 ( ) – 85 ( ) Morbidities (Charlson morbidity index score) -1 ( ) -2 ( ) -3 ( ) Polypharmacy (4 medicines) -Never ( ) -Ever ( ) Chronic Obructive Pulmonary Disease -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Peptic ulcer -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Diabetes -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Dementia -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Hypertension -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Osteoarthritis -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Heart failure -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Parkinsonism -No ( ) -Yes ( ) 290,071 (29.0) 709,721 (71.0) five,582 (28.3) 14,117 (71.7) 292,294 (29.0) 715,868 (71.0) three,359 (29.7) 7,970 (70.4) 216,981 (26.five) 601,325 (73.5) 78,672 (39.1) 122,513 (60.9) 140,467 (21.1) 525,316 (78.9) 155,186 (43.9) 198,522 (56.1) 283,983 (28.five) 710,985 (71.five) 11,670 (47.6) 12,853 (52.4) 225,280 (27.3) 625,591 (72.7) 70,373 (41.7) 98,247 (58.three) 274,487 (28.9) 675,938 (71.1) 21,166 (30.7) 47,900 (69.four) 277,497 (28.2) 707,447 (71.8) 18,156 (52.six) 16,391 (47.5) 114,816 (14.6) 669,572 (85.three) 180,837 (76.9) 54,266 (23.1) 189,864 (28.3) 481,983 (71.7) 52,365 (46.eight) 53,424 (22.7) 59,519 (53.2) 182,336 (77.three) 82,177 (37.4) 92,488 (37.6) 62,407 (33.1) 58,581 (18) 137,366 (62.VEGFR2-IN-7 Technical Information six) 153,778 (62.Tunicamycin medchemexpress 4) 126,040 (66.PMID:23514335 9) 306,654 (84) 122,817 (28.7) 304,622 (71.3) 172,834 (29.two) 419,211 (70.8)(OR 0.5, 95 CI, 0.4-0.5, P 0.05). PIP was more typical in these with fewer co-morbid circumstances based on the CCI (Table 3).Prevalence of PIP using 28 STOPP criteriaThe prevalence of PIP inside the UK was 14.9 (95 CIs 14.8-14.9 ) (n = 151,598) when the subset of 28 STOPP indicators was applied. Just beneath 11 (109,808 patients) have been in receipt of at the very least a single case of PIP, whilst three.1 (31,693 patients) were exposed to two or far more situations and 1.0 (ten,095 sufferers) have been exposed to three or extra. Probably the most widespread PIP issues had been use of PPIs at maximum therapeutic dose for 8 weeks (3.7 , 38,153 sufferers), NSAIDs for 3 months (three.two 32,373 sufferers), and use of long-term neuroleptics (2.1 , 21,012 patients.Discussion Following the application of 52 STOPP indicators to CPRD, the general PIP prevalence, in those aged 70 years, in the UK, was estimated at 29 . The most popular circumstances of PIP were therapeutic duplication, use of aspirin with no valid indication and inappropriate use of PPIs. PIP was linked with polypharmacy and was significantly less prevalent amongst those 85 years and above in comparison with younger.